The Reformation and the Rise of the Nation State
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TM – ‘I said it’s a waste of time because you simply repeat things without taking any cognisance of my points.’
Give me one example of where I have done that? Let me try to summarize your position in contrast to my own: You don’t believe that there was a loss of material culture and progress in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. I believe that there is ample evidence of that – whether or not it deserves the title of the ‘Dark Ages’, I agree, is debatable. You believe that the merchant capitalism of the medieval period is commensurate with the industrial capitalism we have today whereas I believe the differences are profound and consequential. Likewise you believe the medieval state was comparable with modern nation states whereas, again, I think the differences are of great political importance. I am interested in your contention that Catholic states did transform into capitalism without the need for a protestant Reformation but wasn’t their own ‘counter Reformation’ a reaction to the need for change resulting from the convulsions of the Reformation? You highlight continuity whereas I emphasize revolutionary change. No doubt you will disagree with this summation but that’s how I see things. Perhaps we can discuss the class nature of the ‘gentleman historians’ of the past and their obvious ideological bias?Who’s the one erecting straw men now? If they produce another remake of The Wickerman you should apply as director.
While the most widely documented “martyrs of Latin America” in recent history are Roman Catholic, particularly during the 20th-century conflicts, Anglican martyrs and missionary casualties in the region include, most notably, the five American missionaries killed in Ecuador in 1956. The Anglican Church in the region has also seen deaths related to political violence and social justice work.
Key Anglican and Related Missionary Martyrs in Latin America:
The Ecuador Five (1956): Missionaries Jim Elliot, Pete Fleming, Ed McCully, Nate Saint, and Roger Youderian were killed by the Waodani tribe in Ecuador. Their story is often cited as a profound example of missionary sacrifice in the region.Anglican Episcopal Church of Bolivia (2026): The church announced the passing of Diocesan Bishop Walter Toro Martínez, the first Bolivian national to become bishop, who was honoured for his dedication and witness to the gospel.
Wider Context of Martyrs in Latin America: While thousands of Christian workers—predominantly Catholic priests, nuns, and laypeople—were killed in Latin America between 1962 and the 1990s due to their commitment to marginalised communities, Anglican and protestant missionaries and pastors often worked alongside these efforts in indigenous regions.The 20th century saw massive violence against religious figures across Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Central America) by authoritarian governments. While many Catholic martyrs are canonised, many more anonymous martyrs from various denominations, including Anglicans, died due to their involvement in social justice and pastoral care
Priests in Argentina play a significant role in social and religious life, most notably through the curas villeros (slum priests) who work in impoverished neighbourhoods. The Catholic Church in Argentina has a complex history, marked by the influential role of priests in social justice and the “Movement of Priests for the Third World”. Pope Francis, formerly Jorge Bergoglio, is the first Argentine pope.
Curas Villeros (Slum Priests): These priests live and work in Buenos Aires’ villas miseria (slums), aiming to bring hope, education, and social aid, such as Padre Pepe, a prominent figure in these communities.
Historical Context (1967-1976): The Movement of Priests for the Third World (MSTM) blended Catholic reform with social activism, aligned with left-wing Peronism, and worked actively in slum areas.The Dirty War (1976-1983): During Argentina’s military dictatorship, while some church members were aligned with the government, others were persecuted and killed, including those in the Martyrs of La Rioja.
Pope Francis’ Role: Before becoming Pope, Jorge Bergoglio served as the Archbishop of Buenos Aires (1998-2013) and was known for supporting the curas villeros and encouraging a humble approach to ministry, often travelling by bus and visiting soup kitchens.
As far as I can see yet, Christopher Hill, in his book The English Bible, seems to overlook completely the English Catholic Douai-Rheims Bible, which preceded the Authorized Version. The New Testament appeared in 1582 and the Old Testament in 1609.
The New Testament has been arranged in the wrong order; the letter of Paul should be first, and then the gospel
https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1888/more/index.htm
Thomas More and his Utopia, Karl Kautsky
https://archive.org/details/historyofprote00cobb/page/n3/mode/2up
The Protestant Reformation in England and Ireland
https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1914/jewsrace/index.htm
Are the Jews a race? Karl Kaustky
https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm
Foundations of Christianity, Karl Kaustky . Kautsky was excellent at applying the Materialist conception of history to religion and ancient religion
https://www.marxists.org/archive/keracher/1929/how-gods-made.htmHow god were made. Explaining the materialist origin of religion.
Most people do not know about the progressive nature of Christianity in Rome
The Evangelical Legacy of Gustavo Gutierrez’s Liberation Theology
This priest tried to bring Christianity back to its original roots, and he was blocked by the high hierarchy of the catholic churchThanks.
Kautsky says there were many “Jesuses” but none of them would have exhorted peacefulness. The Mount of Olives was the place where rebels against the Jewish establishment would meet to conspire. In the Gospels Jesus tells his apostles to bring swords.
I don’t think there is any relationship between the primitive Christianity of Rome and the Greek New Testament, nor is there any relationship between the Roman primitive Christianity and Paul.
Throughout history, there were many Christs and several messiahs, and according to the rosacrucians it was the belief that “salvation” was going to come through the Egyptians instead of the Hebrews
https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Bible-Unearthed/Israel-Finkelstein/9780684869131
This book unearths many false historical narratives and mythologies of the bible incuding the Exodus, which never took place. and there are not any evidences about the existence of Moses and other biblical figures
The concept of apocalyptic has been twisted because it was a type of literature that existed in ancient history, and instead of bringing justice, it was a literary style of hope
Stavrakopoulou shows that the whole Old Testament “history” up until Ezra is a fabrication. There was no Moses, no David and no Solomon, and no evidence of a first Temple. The Jews were polytheists. El was the creator God, later usurped by Yahweh, who also stole El’s wife Asherah.
As for Moses crossing the Red Sea to escape from Egypt, Egypt ruled all the lands up to the borders of modern Turkey, so they would only have been running from Egypt to Egypt.
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